International Law Threatens Western Countries - 1262 Words

In recent years, with the increasing attention to varieties of international crime, comparative criminology becomes a major field in criminology and criminal justice (Bennett, 2004:2). Comparative criminology is important for the designation and implementation of international policies and preventive measures on international crime; hence there are a rising amount of studies regarding crime and control on a cross-national level. Therefore, in this essay, how do violations of international laws present a direct threat to Western countries will be discussed in the first part, then the understanding of such threats and justice perpetrators of international crime will be examined in relation to comparative criminology in the second and the†¦show more content†¦Held et al also argue that with the spread of interconnection of crime across national boarders, it creates new opportunities and forms of global crime such as transnational organized crime, IP crime and human smuggling an d trafficking (Held, et al., 1999:162). For instance, Castells points out that the Western societies acts as the demand side in a global criminal economy, they are in a high demand of drugs and prostitutes, which can be supplied and produced in a third world drug producing countries such as Columbia (Castells, 1998, cited in Puniskis, 2010:239). Furthermore, apart from the reasons that these crimes are prevalent in the Western nations, it becomes a controversial issue as it violates the international laws regarding humanity. For example, human smuggling and trafficking is an illegal sale of human beings that contains exploitation and coercion. According to Leman and Janssens, it is apparent that human trafficking is a violation of human rights in the way that it requires exploitation of human such as prostitution, non-voluntary form of sexual behavior, forced labor or services as well as slavery or slavery-like conditions (Leman and Janssens, 2012:175). Therefore, the coercive natur e of such crime presents a violationShow MoreRelatedThe Realist Theory Of International Relations1545 Words   |  7 PagesWhen â€Å"Arab spring† started to influence various countries in Middle East and North Africa with domino effect in 2010, Libya was one of these countries. There were uprisings in the regions because of the bad economic conditions, lack of the democracy, human rights, and people’s demand for democracy of the cruel dictators. The demands or discomforts were same in Libya, but process of the Muammar al-Gaddafi ’s regime’s end was different from others as it was intervened by coalition states and NATO.Read MoreProposal for Overfishing in the Pacific Ocean1122 Words   |  5 PagesProposal for Overfishing in the Pacific Ocean: For human populations, particularly people in the poorest countries across the globe, fish is an important source of nourishment and food. As a result, fisheries catches represent a huge export of energy and mass that can no longer be utilized by trophic levels that are higher than those fished. For a long period of time, several human populations across the globe have continued to depend on fish as a significant source of food and nourishment, whichRead MoreAl-Shabaab Terrorist Group1590 Words   |  6 Pagesgroup has evolved from Al-Ittihad Al-Islam (AIAI) to the Islamic Court Union (ICU) and lastly to Al-Shabaab. Before discussing the group’s threat of national security, homeland and international, this paper will provide the conceptual meaning of key terminology, such as national security, homeland security, international security and globalization. It is important to understand these concepts before moving toward the main argument of the paper. After providing the frame work for key concepts, the paperRead MoreHuman Rights And The Rights1178 Words   |  5 Pagesconflict of rights (O’Byrne, 2003: 27). Furthermore, each property has a set of issues that accompanies it. 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Throughout this paper the writer will discuss different topics impacting Cambodia’s history, positive and negative impact of colonization, economic, political, cultural and social legacies, and to answer if western countries or colonizer are responsible to help solve some of the lasting problems of colonization. History The Stone Age introduced early humans in Cambodia to hunting and gathering food around 2,300 BC. The Me Kong River delta in located in South VietnamRead MoreGlobal Crime Analysis1134 Words   |  5 Pagescriminal issues that affect national and international criminal justice systems and processes. In addition, there will be a comparison and contrast of the different criminal justice systems and how they have addressed major global crimes and criminal issues. Global crime is an issue that threatens the safety and security of people all over the world. Global crime can be international drug smuggling operations, human trafficking, or international prostitution rings. Weapons trading areRead MoreTerrorism During The Vietnam War826 Words   |  4 Pagesemergence of major terrorist groups stirring up trouble, such as in the Middle East, many people live in fear of these emerging threats. Throughout Vietnam’s long history, there have been many cases of terrorism. During the Vietnam War, the US and other western nations committed many atrocious acts of terror against the Vietnamese population. In 1968, one of the worst acts of terrorism, the My Lai Massacre, occurred in Vietnam. This atrocious act was committed by the US. According to one American soldierRead MoreWalmart Is An Extraordinary Organization That Has Expanded Across International Borders1609 Words   |  7 PagesWalmart, is an extraordinary organization that has expanded across international borders with soaring sales through its strategic business approaches. With 25% of Walmart’s business coming from its international operations, there was only a matter of time before the corporate giant set its eyes on the African continent. Due to slow domestic sales and growth in 2009 and 2010, it was necessary that Walmart expand its international business in order to increase profitability and avoid stagnation. With

Assassination Of John F. Kennedy - 1168 Words

Research Paper: Assassination of John F. Kennedy In the city of Dallas, America’s thirty-fifth and first Catholic president of the United States died from two bullet shots to his skull, on November 22, 1963. John Fitzgerald Kennedy had not even served a full term of presidency when the assassination took place, and was in the middle of campaigning for a second term. Near the beginning of JFK’s presidency, back in 1961, he saw greatness in the new generation, as they were the key to improving America. Kennedy wanted to create peace, discover new sciences, and end the ongoing feud with the Soviet Union. Once the president famously stated, â€Å" ...And so, my fellow Americans: ask not what your country can do for you--ask what you can do for†¦show more content†¦Foreign Policy† author Leslie H. Gelb wrote, â€Å"Kennedy forced Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev to capitulate and remove the nuclear missiles he had secretly deployed to Cuba... Mythologically , Khrushchev gave everything, and Kennedy gave nothing. Thus the crisis blossomed as an unabashed American triumph and unmitigated Soviet defeat† (pg.24). The crisis consisted of a standoff of political power and military officials between communist countries such as the Soviet Union and Cuba. Since the Soviet Union held nuclear weapons with Cuba, this caused the United States to panic because the country was only 90 miles away. The actions the President had taken for the two global situations allowed the country to judge and watch Kennedy’s every move. Kennedy was popular with many citizens in the U.S., but he posed as a threat to some for his messy work. Lee Harvey Oswald, the man who is supposedly responsible for Kennedy’s death, was a former Marine in the United States, but left after two court maintained reports of violence and withholding illegal firearms. From Biography, Conspiracy, and the Oswald Enigma author John F. Keer states, â€Å"In Assassins! Oswald disappears into a narrative larger than, and antithetical to, his own biography. Three other texts provide even more expansive versions of sublime conspiracies, more akin to Tristero and Jes Grew than CIA or Mafia† (pg.318). Though nobody knows exactly who killed the president, the evidence that was gathered points towardsShow MoreRelatedThe Assassination Of John F. Kennedy982 Words   |  4 Pages O’Reilly and Dugard’s book, Killing Kennedy, is about the events leading to President John F. Kennedy being shot, as well as what happened after the assassination. This book also describes the rise and fall of John F. Kennedy. The authors also wrote about the Cold War, Kennedy dealing with communism, and threats of crime. January of 1961, the cold war was growing stronger and Kennedy was struggling with communism. During all of this happening, he was learning what it meant to be a president. HeRead MoreThe Assassination Of John F. Kennedy1620 Words   |  7 Pages Ever since the assassination of John F. Kennedy in 1963, there has been controversy over whether the true gunman was held accountable. The United States Government claimed that it was an easy, open and closed case. They found Lee Harvey Oswald, close to ground zero, with a freshly fired riffle, immediately after JFK was shot. Contrary to the governments report, skeptics argue a vast scope of conspiracies to shed light on what they believe happened that day; ideas ranging from magic bullets, multipleRead MoreThe Kennedy Assassinations By John F. Kennedy Essay1486 Words   |  6 Pages Decades later, the Kennedy assassinations and surrounding mysteries continue holding public interest. Although their notoriety as charismatic leaders is a significant contribution, other factors regarding societal psychology deserve consideration whilst exploring this phenomenon. With these events occurring during a time that allows living witnesses, modern accessible evidence, various media covera ge, and visible modern impact, the mysterious Kennedy assassinations have the capacity to encourageRead MoreJohn F. Kennedy Assassination1618 Words   |  7 PagesJohn F. Kennedy Assassination Was John F. Kennedy’s assassination a single shooter or was it a conspiracy? Since November 22, 1963 people around the world have wondered who it was that shot President Kennedy, and what for. So many questions have formed around this event, not just about who the shooter was, but also questions like what might the world have been like today if the shooting didn’t happen? The Kennedy assassination has been a mystery for many years. A lot of people hear about the differentRead MoreAssassination Of John F. Kennedy1002 Words   |  5 PagesThe Assassination of John F. Kennedy â€Å"Our most basic common link is that we all inhabit this planet. We all breathe the same air. We all cherish our children’s future. And we are all mortal.† President Kennedy stated in his commencement speech at American University on June 10, 1963. John F. Kennedy was an American politician who served as the 35th President of the United States from January 1961 to his assassination in November 1963. There are numerous conspiracy theories involving Kennedy’s assassinationRead MoreAssassination of John F. Kennedy931 Words   |  4 PagesThe John F. Kennedy assassination is believed to be one of the most controversial and debated topics in American History. JFK was one of the most beloved presidents of our time. Other assassinations of presidents didn’t have as many Conspiracy theories compared to the JFK assassination on November 22nd, 1963. Some of the theories include a Government cover-up, Mafia influence, and Cuban President Fidel Castro (Stern). T he assassination of John F. Kennedy in Dallas, Texas, raised many questions thatRead MoreThe Assassination Of John F. Kennedy1500 Words   |  6 PagesOn November 23, 1963, three shots were fired at President John F. Kennedy’s limousine in Dallas, Texas. The first shot went through the president’s neck, the second was the fatal shot that would ultimately end Kennedy’s life. There is a lot of speculation about what really took place in the assassination of John F. Kennedy. Many people believe that Lee Harvey Oswald worked alone, but there are many people across the nation who think differently. Many theories can both support and disprove that LeeRead MoreThe Assassination Of John F. Kennedy Essay967 Words   |  4 PagesThe book I chose to read is The Assassination of John F. Kennedy by Lauren Spencer. It was published in 2002 by The Rosen Publishing Group, Inc. It contains 64 pages. This book not only provides information on the killing of President Kennedy, b ut also information on his life, the arrested murderer s life, and more interesting background information and details. This books main objective is to go deeper into the case of John F. Kennedy s assassination, to discuss personal information about suspectsRead MoreAssassination of John F Kennedy1119 Words   |  5 Pagessixth floor of the Texas School Book Depository Building. However, did Lee Harvey Oswald, a crazy lunatic act alone in the assassination of President Kennedy. Both first – hand knowledge and visual evidence allows people to re – examine the events of this day and prove that there were other gunmen involved in the bombardment of our youngest elected president. John F. Kennedy was depicted as a nationwide hero to many Catholics living in the U.S. during the early 1960’s. He was idolized by severalRead MoreThe Assassination Of John F. Kennedy1626 Words   |  7 PagesThe Assassination of John F. Kennedy John F. Kennedy, the 35th President of the United States, was assassinated on November 22, 1963 at 12:30 p.m Central Standard Time in Dallas, Texas while riding in a motorcade in Dealey Plaza.[1] Kennedy was fatally shot by Lee Harvey Oswald while he was riding with his wife, Jacqueline, Texas Governor John Connally, and Connally s wife, Nellie, in a presidential motorcade. A ten-month investigation by the Warren Commission from November 1963 to September 1964

Mediators of Change to Control Tobacco †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Role of Medical Students as Mediators of Change to Control Tobacco Use among population. Answer: Background Tobacco is perhaps the only legally sold product that leads to death in one-half of its regular consumers. Out of the estimated 1.3 billion people who smoke, almost 650 million faces premature death as a result of it (Ali and Hay 2017). Smoking remains a major public health issue in Australia in spite of immense efforts put forward for controlling it. Every year, smoking is known to kill almost 15,000 Australians. The total social and economic costs borne by the country is $31.5 billion. As per the reports of Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) conducted in the year 2014-2015, 14.7% of the adult population in the country smoke on a daily basis. 31.4% of the population are known to be ex-smokers (health.gov.au 2017). Smoking cessation has been a priority in all parts of the country, and healthcare professionals from all levels have been involved in this matter.Research is being continually conducted to find out new methods by which patients can be motivated and encouraged to quit sm oking (Sharma et al. 2017). The valuable role and responsibility of physicians in smoking cessation efforts has been extensively documented. Well-researched literature points out that physicians have a crucial role in motivation of patients to quit smoking. Research has been taken extensively for understanding how a physician might contribute to increase the rate of smoking cessation (Stead et al. 2013). According to Keto et al. (2015) views on the effects of smoking cessation strategies have dramatically changed in the last few years. Physicians at present have a responsibility of acting as a non-smoking role model as the workplace of a physician directly as well as indirectly teaches skills for smoking cessation. Medical students to have a role in this regard, as pointed out by (Park et al. 2015). As per the authors, medical students can act as mediators of change for positive results of smoking cessation interventions. The most significant objective for a physician is to engage a patient in a direct communic ation that motivates them to quit smoking. The physician might require help from other professionals in achieving this, and who better than the medical students. With the help of medical students, physicians can make patients commit to quitting smoking after pharmacological and educational support. The hope is always there that together, they can reduce the burden of smoking in the community. Research rationale The intervention cited in this proposal would target medical students in the initial stages of counselling. The proposed intervention would provide a foundation for all medical students in stage specific counselling. This would prove to be a helping tool for physicians while they strive to motivate smokers to quit smoking. The rationale behind this research is that imparting proper education to medical students at early stages so that they develop counselling skills would reap numerous benefits. Future physicians would gain increased confidence while taking part in smoking cessation programs by taking help from medical students. The students can also help physicians who do not have adequate time for counselling patients at a community setting with a huge pool of patients. In addition, the students can act as a guiding source for patients who suffer health complications due to smoking, or for patients who are at high risk for developing a smoking habit. Research question The proposed research would address the following research question- What is the role of medical students as mediators of change for controlling tobacco use among the countrys population? Aims and hypothesis In conducting the proposed study, the objective is to accomplish the following set of specific aims- Aim 1- To carry out a comparison of the effectiveness of the stage specific smoking cessation counselling intervention and control intervention by the evaluation of the impact on the following patient outcomes at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months: a. Stage of change b. Quit rate c. Confidence in quitting d. Desire to quit e. Motivation to quit f. Nicotine independence. Aim 2- To carry out a comparison of the stage specific smoking cessation counselling intervention and control intervention by the evaluation of the impact on the following care processes rated by patients at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months: a. Satisfaction with the care provided to patients in relation to smoking cessation counselling b. Satisfaction with the care provided to patients in general. Hypothesis 1- Patients undergoing counselling by medical students have received training in stage specific smoking cessation counselling would exhibit higher quit rates, have improvement in their stage of change, have increased desire to quit smoking, have more confidence and motivation to quit smoking. They would also be less dependent on nicotine at 12 months. Hypothesis 2- Patients undergoing counselling by medical students having received training in smoking-specific behavioural counselling would exhibit greater satisfaction with both care quality measures at 12 months. Research methodology Study design For research to be successful and give rise to suitable inferences, it is imperative to select a suitable research methodology. The research design plays an important role deciding whether the research would hold credibility or not. The proposed research would be a randomised cross-over trial. This would be done with two smoking cessation counselling interventions. The first counselling intervention would include written materials, patient education and follow-up by students who had been given training in stage specific tobacco cessation methods. The second counselling intervention would include written materials, patient education and follow-up by students who had been given training in non-smoking cessation techniques (exercise techniques). According to Flick (2015) randomised, controlled crossover experiments are very much significant in health care. This is because, in such a study, the impact of confounding covariates is reduced. Setting The proposed research would be set at community practice sites in internal medicine and family medicine throughout the city of Armidale, Australia, where medical students attend weekly continuity sessions with physician preceptors. Participants The participants of the research would be first-year medical students. 100 such students would be considered for the study. 350 patients of age between 16 years and 30 years would be included in the study after screening them for whether they are visiting the students physician preceptor for matters related to smoking or not. They must meet the criteria of smoking one or more cigarettes daily in the past one week. Sampling method Students would be selected through random sampling by the day they attend their medicine course and get training for the two counselling processes. The second counselling technique would be taught to the students six months after the first counselling technique is taught. Random sampling would be justified for the research as it is easier to do such a sampling, and also there would a fair chance of all possible participants to get equal opportunities of being selected for the research (Panneerselvam 2014). Main outcome measures The main outcome measures for the proposed study would be the stage of change, quit rate, motivation to quit, the desire to quit, confidence to quit and nicotine dependency after 1, 3, 6 and 12 months. Process measures The process measures for the proposed study would be patient satisfaction with the care quality provided in relation to smoking cessation and satisfaction with care quality provided in general. Data collection tool Data collection tool must always be aligned with the research objectives. A close-ended questionnaire would be used for the data collection purpose. The questionnaire would encompass questions related to the main outcome measures and the process measures. The questionnaire would be handed over to the patients, and they would be given one week time for completing it. During this period they would be free to contact the researchers regarding any concerns they might face. The researchers would guide them to complete the questionnaire so as to extract the maximal information from them. With a close-ended Questionaire a number of advantages would be gained. These include the quick response of the participants, easy comparison of answers, easy statistical analysis and complete data extraction. Since smoking cessation is a sensitive topic, it is likely that respondents would be comfortable in answering close-ended questions. Less literate participants would not be at a disadvantage (Niaura 2017). Analysis Patient level analysis of the process measures and main outcome measures would be done for understanding the possible confounding factors. Logistic regression for dichotomous outcomes and linear regression would be used for continuous outcomes. Generalised estimating equations (GEE) and random effects modelling would allow the researchers to adjust for time-dependent covariates (Neuman 2016). Ethics Primary research needs to abide by ethical principles concerning human participants. For the proposed research, informed consent of the participants would be taken for taking part in the research. The medical students and the patients would be explained in details all the aims and objectives of the research. They would be ensured that their identities would not be revealed at any level and confidentiality of their personal information would be maintained. They would have the freedom to exit the data collection process whenever they feel like doing so (Flick 2015). Timeline Activity Month 1 2 3-4 5 6-9 10-12 13-14 Sampling of participants Training provided to patients Assessment of student behavioural counselling skills Recruitment of patients Counselling patients by phone Counselling patients in-person Data collection Data analysis Report preparation Dissemination of findings References Ali, R. and Hay, S., 2017. Smoking prevalence and attributable disease burden in 195 countries and territories, 19902015: a systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015. Flick, U., 2015. Introducing research methodology: A beginner's guide to doing a research project. Sage. Health.gov.au. (2017). Department of Health | Tobacco Control key facts and figures. [online] Available at: https://www.health.gov.au/internet/main/publishing.nsf/content/tobacco-kff [Accessed 26 Jul. 2017]. Keto, J., Jokelainen, J., Timonen, M., Linden, K. and Ylisaukko-oja, T., 2015. Physicians discuss the risks of smoking with their patients, but seldom offer practical cessation support. Substance abuse treatment, prevention, and policy, 10(1), p.43. Neuman, W.L., 2016. Understanding research. Pearson. Niaura, R., 2017. Learning from our failures in smoking cessation research. Panneerselvam, R., 2014. Research methodology. PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd.. Park, E.R., Gareen, I.F., Japuntich, S., Lennes, I., Hyland, K., DeMello, S., Sicks, J.D. and Rigotti, N.A., 2015. Primary care provider-delivered smoking cessation interventions and smoking cessation among participants in the National Lung Screening Trial. JAMA internal medicine, 175(9), pp.1509-1516. Sharma, R., Meurk, C., Bell, S., Ford, P. and Gartner, C., 2017. Australian mental health care practitioners practices and attitudes for encouraging smoking cessation and tobacco harm reduction in smokers with severe mental illness. International Journal of Mental Health Nursing. Stead, L.F., Buitrago, D., Preciado, N., Sanchez, G., Hartmann?Boyce, J. and Lancaster, T., 2013. Physician advice for smoking cessation. The Cochrane Library.

South African Investment free essay sample

Utilitarian benefits of building the Caltex plant in 1977 When Texaco and SoCal decided to build there refinery plant, Caltex, in South Africa in 1977, there was much to consider. First of all, the South Africa was ruled by government upheld apartheid legislation. According to the textbook, Business Ethics: Concepts and Cases, the apartheid system, â€Å"deprived the entire Black population of all political and civil rights: They could not vote, could not hold political office, could not unionize, and had no right to freedom of assembly,† (Velasquez, p. 8). Despite this obstacle, Caltex was built and began operations. Caltex believed that by opening operations in South Africa they could provide the people with some economic opportunities that they could not have if they did not. According to the case study, â€Å"the managements of both Texaco and SoCal argued that Caltex was committed to improving the economic working conditions of its black employees and their continued pre sence in South Africa did not constitute and ‘endorsement’ of South Africa’s ‘policies’,† (para. We will write a custom essay sample on South African Investment or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 5). By declaring that there presence in South Africa was in no way evident in support with the government policies, Caltex gave the impression of a utilitarianism approach. According to the textbook, utilitarianism is â€Å"a general term for any view that holds that actions and policies should be evaluated on the basis of the benefits and costs they will impose on society,† (Velasquez, p. 61). Caltex upheld the belief that the benefits they provide to its employees outweigh the fact that they are conducting business in an oppressed nation. In my opinion, I think that that the benefits outweighed the negatives. Even though the South African government was morally wrong for oppressing the majority of its citizens, Caltex brought an opportunity to the region that had the promise of not only economic promise for the organization, but also the opportunity to show the people of South Africa what it is like to be equal and not discriminated. Also, there presence no doubt brought on political change and opened the eyes to the other nations of the world as to the oppression present in South Africa. If I were a stockholder in Texaco or Standard Oil Despite of all the benefits and the promises that Caltex could have provided to the people in South Africa, the shareholders still encouraged management to withdraw their operations from South Africa. As a result, the stockholders proposed three resolutions to which they would vote on and decide the future of Caltex’s operations in South Africa. The first resolution (A) was asking Caltex to terminate its operations in South Africa. The second (B) asked Caltex not to sell to the military or police of South Africa. The last resolution (C) asked Caltex to implement the Tutu principles. As a stockholder in this organization (hypothetically speaking), I would vote on these three resolutions as either in FAVOR or NOT IN FAVOR. Here is what I would vote on and why. A. NOT IN FAVOR. As I have already described in the previous section, I would not be in favor of Caltex terminating its operations in South Africa. I do think the what the government is doing in regards to how they treat its citizens is morally wrong, I believe that Caltex has the moral responsibility to remain in South Africa and provide its employees the opportunity to have the freedoms that they themselves have established as employers. B. NOT IN FAVOR. According to the case study, asking Caltex to not provide petroleum to the South African military would be considered a serious crime. It states, â€Å"it would be a crime under South Africa’s law were Caltex-South Africa to undertake a commitment to not supply petroleum products for use by the South African military or any other branch of the South African Government,† (para. 21). Voting in favor for committing a crime would be morally irresponsible on my part. I believe that as a shareholder invested in my company, I would want to portray us as a responsible organization that will work with the host country to find a common ground rather than be charged with a serious crime. C. FAVOR. Tutu’s principles are something that I would definitely be in favor for. According to the case study, Bishop Tutu’s principles â€Å"outlined several conditions of the investment which would enable Caltex and other U. S. companies to make such a ‘positive contribution to improving economic and social opportunities’,† (para. 4). These principles would be exactly what I would like my company to portray because they contribute to human rights and equal opportunities to all races. Manager’s responses In regards to the resolutions proposed by the stockholders, I believe the manager’s responses should be as follows: A. The manager’s should have also not been in favor of this resolution. In this case, the manage ment needs to consider that the utilitarian benefits do actually outweigh the negatives and oppression the South African government has over its citizens. B. The manager’s responses to this resolution should be weighed very carefully. Even though they may not agree with the practices of the government and may think they are an aid to unwanted practices, they still need to consider there reputation and the consequences that can result from not being cooperative. In my opinion, the manager’s should have responded by communicating the need to work with the government to their stakeholders as well as find some type of resolution with the government. C. The management should embrace the Tutu principles. If the management is really dedicated to the ideals and principles of their institution then they should know that these principles are about the people and their well-being. They should make any adjustments necessary to make sure the principles are upheld. Management responsibilities (i. e. , duties) In my opinion, I believe the management of a company does have the responsibility beyond ensuring a high return for its stockholders. In this case, the responsibility of the management is to make sure that the principles and business ethics that they have developed as an organization is upheld at all costs. Just because the stockholders wanted to see their company disassociate themselves from a country that they did not see as ideal, it is still imperative that the management stick to there own ideals and principles regardless of where they are. On the other hand, I do not believe that the management of a company should look primarily to the law and to the rate of return on its investment as the ultimate criteria for deciding what investments it should make. Companies should always consider the economical and social circumstances in the region to which they decide to invest their company. Conclusion This paper outlined why I believe the utilitarian benefits outweighed the negative circumstances for the building of Caltex in South Africa. I have also provided my own views as to what I would do if I were a stockholder in the company as well as what the manager’s should have done in response to the resolutions. Finally, I gave my point of view as to what the manager’s responsibilities are when dealing with stockholders and investments. Caltex was in a difficult place as they had to deal with their stockholders and the government of South Africa in order to conduct their business, but the most important thing they had was the opportunity to show the oppressed people of South Africa what it was like to be an equal member of an institution.

Clutch essays

Clutch essays Clutch is a band neither of us like, but it was free for both of us. She, my edge/hardcore vixen roommate, the webmaster for the site you now partake of, and I, the more indie-inclined of the two, patron of the hardcore scene by proxy. This show can be summed up in any of the monosyllabic following: gay. as. shit. Well, I said I'd write an article for her site, and this would be my first concert review. Look out. Allow me to set the scene: a sparse crowd gathers in a semi-circle before the stage, staring closed-mouthed at the opening band. I feel their torment. It's as if they're hoping, through sheer boredom, to precipitate the "real band's" appearance. I count one set of devil's horns they come courtesy of a middle-aged man in dockers. There's the couple toward the back, desperately attempting to do it through their clothes (which, from the looks of it, were pinched from the wardrobe of Eddie Vedder, circa 1994). Currently they are entwined in an embrace that can only be termed "lewd" against the chain-link that separates the over 21 crowd from the kids. The crowd is diverse in that you'll find a 15 year old sporting a slipknot hoodie standing next to a presumably anglo saxon with butt-length dreds and drum circle aesthetic. Mostly though, I'd say this was a ball-chain wallet crowd. You know right where I'm going with that...all the way to Hot Topic. So here we are. Clutch has made their way to the stage, reminding me how glad I am to be a freeloader tonight. My roommate's made her way to a superfluous pit, joining the legions of wannabe aggressors-"mosh this shit" must be taken literally at a show where the music can only be described as such. Don't take my word for it. Ask the guy in the Cannibal Corpse t-shirt, long wavy hair free from the restriction of the daily ponytail for the occasion. The big moment. House lights up. It's Clutch! And they're fat! Not to mention old. A groan resonates in my brain ...

Christian apologetics Essays

Christian apologetics Essays Christian apologetics Essay Christian apologetics Essay The whole question of whether Jesus was who he said he was or not in the minds of the people rests on one of the three conclusions thinking people could come to: Lord, Liar or Lunatic. Is there any other choice? Could Jesus be legend? Like a character out of science fiction or literature, Jesus could be a figment of someones imagination; rather than real life flesh and blood person. People in Jesus time most certainly had different understandings of who Jesus was, for example that He became the Son of God when God adopted Him at His baptism (Marks view perhaps? Or that He became the Son of God when He was born of a virgin (which is when He came into existence, according to Luke). Jesus as liar is harder to establish because if when Jesus made his claims he knew that he was not God, then he was lying and deliberately deceiving his followers. But, if he was a liar, then he was also a hypocrite because he taught others to be honest at whatever cost. 1 Reading the book has given me a new insight into his life and the way that he has affected the lives of the author, his son and the people who were utilize in the writing of this book. It is particularly interesting to me to consider HTH: question of whether Jesus was lord, liar or lunatic, because I had really nevi considered this question. I believe it is a suitable academic exercise that Lech me deeper into the Gospels than I had really ever ventured before and for that, this question is valuable to research. 1 Josh McDowell, Sean McDowell, More Than a Carpenter (Carol Stream, IL: Living Books, 2009) 3:30 2 Is it possible Jesus was deranged? Chapter 3, page 33 Can anyone come to the conclusion that Jesus was out of his mind? Deranged: insane, mad, disturbed, unbalanced, unhinged, unstable, irrational Certifiable. One thing is certain -? at Some point the lunacy Come: to the surface. The facade is cracked and the illness is clear. Had Jesus been insane, could he have endured the truly horrendous circumstances that took place in his life? If he was just a man, he certainly could have been afflicted with or susceptible to these human flaws and sure the insanity would have appeared at certain points in his life to throw his whole mission into question. However, the people in Jesus timer according the Gospels, seemed to accept his miracles and teachings as true at least the people who believed or wanted to believe. Had Jesus been merely a human without divine characteristics, his miracles over nature also cant be explained psychologically, and raising Lazarus from the dead after being in the tomb for a few days is not the stuff of trickery. Jesus wasnt crazy. According to Gary Collins, a psychologist with a doctorate in clinical psychology from Purdue and the author of numerous books and articles, Disturbed individuals often show signs of depression or anxiety and explosive anger. But Jesus never displays inappropriate emotions. Jesus dc get angry in the temple when he saw the misuse of the temple courtyard and the moneychangers taking advantage of the poor. In fact, Jesus seems his most composed when being challenged. All and all, I just dont see signs that Jesus was suffering from any known mental illness. 2 From a logical standpoint, it is my opinion that insanity is not a valid argument. In the boo the authors point to several psychiatrists who disagree that Jesus could hoax been insane based on knowledge we have in this day and age. In light of other things we know about Jesus, its hard to imagine that he was mentally disturbed, 3 according to psychiatrists Arthur Noses and Lawrence Kola from their textbook, Modern Clinical Psychiatry. Again, insanity is not a logical conclusion. It just does not make sense. Jesus spoke some of the most profound words ever spoken and they were recorded by numerous people during his time and after as well as the prophec ies before and all have endured for 2000+ years. 3 In this chapter about Jesus being Lord, Liar or Lunatic, it is interesting to me to think about these things. I have done some extra research while writing this paper and there are all different ideas about this subject, however most tend to agree that lunacy is not a really viable conclusion. 2 Gary Collins, quoted in Lee Strobes, The Case For Christ (Grand Rapids, MI: Conserved, 1998) 147 Josh McDowell, Sean McDowell, More Than a Carpenter (Carol Stream, IL: 2009) 334 4 Josh McDowell, Sean McDowell, More Than a Carpenter (Carol Stream, IL: 2009) 3:34 4 I cannot personally conclude that Jesus as a liar or a lunatic. The only other alternative is that he was and is the Christ, the Son of God, as he claimed. But in spite of the logic and evidence, many people cannot seem to bring themselves to this conclusion. Chapter 3, page 36 Why is it that people, when confronted with the evidence, cannot admit to themselves or others, that Jesus is in fact Lord and God in one; even when hey admit they dont believe Him to be liar or lunatic? In researching their book, the McDowell asked numerous people this question, Jesus, Lord, Liar or Lunatic? The answers they received were interesting because they said that overwhelmingly the question of liar and lunatic came back with an astounding, No! The question Of Lord however, was met with a confusing, Absolutely not! My question is, how can the answer to Lord be Absolutely Not! when the question of Liar and Lunatic is definite No! ? It is illogical to make these two statements. Sean and Josh McDowell point out that it was not just rabble of Jesus time hat had the opinion that Jesus was indeed Lord. It was the educated people, the non-believers and the Council of Niece, as well as the anti-Nice members who considered Jesus as Divine. According to the book, it was common thought that Jesus was and is Divine. Igniting of Antioch was quote as saying God incarnate God himself appearing in the form of man. 5 And Urinates, the Father is God and the Son is God; for He who is born of God is God. 6 In an interview with DRP. D. A. Carson, research professor of the New Testament at Trinity Evangelical Divinity School in Terrified, Illinois, Lee Strobes asked Carson, What did Jesus say or do that convinces you that Jesus: is God? Carbons answer was surprising to Strobes, Jesus forgave sins. 7 When only God can forgive sins, Jesus specifically does so on a number of occasions. Jesus also considered himself sinless, another attribute of deity. After reading and re-reading this particular chapter in the book, and taking the authors at their word about the conclusions and quotes from other biblical scholars, apologists and medical professionals, it has successfully convinced me that Jesus is Lord -? not lunatic or liar. The e vidence is just too overwhelming. In my opinion, anyone with common sense has to conclude that Jesus is in fact, Lord. 5 Josh McDowell, Sean McDowell, More Than a Carpenter (Carol Stream, IL: 2009) 3:37 6 Josh McDowell, Sean McDowell, More Than a Carpenter (Carol Stream, IL: 2009) 3:38 7 Strobes, The Case for Christ, p. 157-158 6 Overall response to the book. I am always surprised when I read books like More than a Carpenter. I dont really read scholarly books to a large extent. Most of my readings are biographies, non-fiction novels and the news (which isnt necessarily truth hose days); but when read a book like More than a Carpenter, am struck by the questions these kinds of books raise with me.

Influence of Job Satisfaction on Staff Turnover Dissertation

Influence of Job Satisfaction on Staff Turnover - Dissertation Example Graham defined job satisfaction as, "The measurement of one's total feelings and attitudes towards one's job"(Graham, p. 68, 1982). Some specialists state job satisfaction as â€Å"any combination of psychological, physiological, and environmental circumstances that causes a person truthfully to say, ‘I am satisfied with my job’† (Hoppock, p. 47, 1935). One more defines job satisfaction as â€Å"an affective (emotional) reaction to a job that results from the incumbent’s comparison of actual outcomes with those that are desired† (Cranny et al., p.1, 1992). Dissatisfied employees are always complaining about their physical health like stiffness in muscles and joints (O’Driscoll & Beehr, 1994). Job satisfaction is a key factor that affects the employee’s turnover intention and, â€Å"Job satisfaction is important for organizations to address due to its impact on absenteeism, (1) turnover, (2) and pro-social â€Å"citizenship† beha viors such as helping coworkers, helping customers, and being more cooperative with all social ties† (Karl & Sutton, p.515, 1998). Dissatisfaction of the employees when reaches a certain limit, it gives rise to turnover intention. Most of the studies show a reasonable connection between job satisfaction and turnover intentions (Samad, pp. 1-5, 2006). Turnover intention is the intent of the staff to quit their organization. The ratio of the figure of members of organization who leave during a specific period divided by the average number of employees in that organization is the rate of turnover (Price, p.10-25, 1977). Dissatisfaction of employees is a major issue for the organizations as they suffer a lot if a competent individual quits the job due to dissatisfaction. Turnover can cause serious damage and destruction to the organization by bringing extra direct or indirect cost to it. Expenses incurred on the assortment, staffing, initiation and training of new workers is direct cost (Staw, p. 253-273, 1980). Cost of knowledge, abridged morale, stress on the existing staff and the loss of social capital are the i ndirect costs suffered by the organization (Des & Shaw, p.446-456, 2001). Therefore, the organizations must take steps to identify the factors causing job dissatisfaction in the employees. A number of aspects influence the job satisfaction of the employees. The matter of knowing about the factors affecting the job satisfaction of the individuals working for the organization is of utmost importance. The two types of the factors that manipulate the job satisfaction of an individual are factors involving the work environment and the demographic characteristics. Education, gender, age, and term of employment are the demographic measures while the difference of roles, task variety, remuneration, and relationship with colleagues are the work environment measures (Allen, pp. 27, 2002). It is obligatory for the organization to provide best possible working environment to the employees so that they feel comfortable. Dissatisfied employees are a cause of numerous problems for the organization s and are not productive. A recent study reveals the consequences of job dissatisfaction through which one can conclude that if disgruntled workers stay in the organization they may take on counter-productive activities (Spector, 1997). Roznowski and Hulin contend that overall job satisfaction measures are "the most informative data a manager or researcher can have for predicting employee behavior"(Roznowski and Hulin, 1992, p. 26). Job satisfaction of an individual directly affects his or her turnover intention. Experts have been